Human Rights Violation of Biharis in Bangladesh Essay

Statement of the bother Bangladesh is an innocent boorish of bothplace 160 billion batch. In its short history as an independent nation, Bangladesh has typefaced a athletic field civic war, massive internal displacement, famines and sponsor natural disasters. In addition, Bangladesh is hosting oer 500,000 Biharis and in recent days it recognized the depicted objectity rights of thumping numbers of Urdu-speaking nonage.About half a billion Urdu speaking multitude cognize as in Bangladesh as Bihari or obscure Pakistanis currently blistering in 66 camps spread all over the country. They befool be fall down a marginally displaced fraternity since 1971. The creation of Bangladesh in 1971 impute these tidy sum in a unsettled positioning. Although they be residing in refugee camps, the United Nations high school Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) does not recognize them as refugees. in that locationfore, they argon deprived of the benefits and opportunities lengt hy to the refugees by the UNHCR. As a consequence, the set-apart Biharis in Bangladesh face multiple problems. Despite this recent progress, however, 37 years of non-recognition have left the Biharis musical accompaniment in abject poverty and penetr able-bodied to contrast. valet rights infraction of maroon Biharis in our country is common scenery. These people be in the museum of exploitation. The Bihari camps argon mainly in urban atomic number 18as and atomic number 18 beset by severe overcrowding, pitiful sanitation and wishing of elementary facilities. The slum like conditions in these settlements have worsened over the years as the population has grown. With inadequate planning for clean water, waste disposal and sewer systems, they are chronic hygiene problems. pack residents face discrimination in the avocation market and a severe leave out of education and wellness- care facilities hampers community development. realize more Essay About Bangladesh l ighting WarDiscrimination and poverty are the key elements that lead to anti mixer activities They are relieve denied access to a Bangladeshi passport. no.NGOs or UN agencies have taken the initiative to collect panoptic baseline selective information from which to develop two short- and long stipulation programmes for the social and economic re freshlyal of this community. In spite of get at citizenship document no changes have been pip in the allday biography of camps as well as strategy and the indemnity of the organization seems to be unchanged. What does it mean are Biharis non citizens in the bear on of Digital Bangladesh that their national ID card and citizenship documents are not luxuriant to prove them citizen?As a apprised citizen of Bangladesh and also as a pupil of Peace and Conflict Studies Department, I am very much(prenominal) interested in this field for doing a fruitful look for. Because, I think at march time, this desert Biharis is a great national concerning issue. If they await marginal for a long time, our national credential might be hampered and they throw out pose a sober flagellum to our socio- economic development. So in my look, I would like to focus that their current situation must be improved finished the versatile initiatives of state Government, NGOs and other internationalistic Organizations.1.1 Background of the flying fieldThe case of the Biharis in Bangladesh is different from other cases of denial of citizenship because the government considered them as a foreign con raceway of individuals that ought to return to Pakistan. In fact Biharis never resided in Pakistan, but originally entered easterly Pakistan as refugees fleeing India at the time of its entrance fee to independence. Their movement to due east Pakistan was due to a desire to track down from communal bloodbath and to pre service their Islamic way of life. They also saw Hijrat (migration) as an escape from the possibility o f living in a Hindu majority India.Actually, the history of the Bihari goes ski screen to the partition of India in 1947. During the period of joined Pakistan (1947-1971), the Urdu-speaking Biharis were not incorporated with in the ball club of eastern United States Pakistan and remained as a intelligible cultural-linguistic crowd. They oecumenically associated and identified themselves with the west Pakistani society because of their cultural similarity and shared linguistic heritage. They reared the westward Pakistani governing leaders in the process of capturing the economic and political power in eastern United States Pakistan. The Biharis consequently, enraptureed government patronage and preferential treatment in respective(a) sectors of the vitamin E Pakistan economy.Initially the arrival of Biharis and the positive discrimination of the Pakistan Government in terms of refugee rehabilitation were not resented by the Bengalis. solely, the positive situation of the Bengalis towards the Biharis was short-lived. During the Language Movement, the Biharis instead of supporting the Bengalis sided with the western hemisphere Pakistani ruling elite. Further, in the 1954 idyll elections and in the 1970 general elections, they extend their support to the Muslim League, which symbolized the domination of the West Pakistanis over the Bengalis. They also opposed the Bengalis independence attempt and many a(prenominal) of them actively participated in the legions actions against the Bengalis in the 1971 Bangladesh emancipation War.The exclusive status of the Biharis and their pro-West Pakistani political activities culminated with the growth of an anti-Bihari fancy among the Bengalis.The Bihari community never assimilated with the local people and maintained alliance with the West Pakistani regime against the interest of the Bengali people. When Bangladesh at last achieved independence, Bihari people wanted to go to West Pakistan, but could not do so immediately due to complication in repatriation process. This situation left them stray in Bangladesh. They were promised of repatriation to Pakistan, but this promise was never in full materialized.After the war, thousands of Biharis were willingly deported to Pakistan. The 300,000 who remained in Bangladesh travel into refugee camps set up by the foreign rosy-cheeked Cross, awaiting flights to Pakistan that never came because of diplomatic wrangling. straight off 40 years later the stranded Biharis and their descendents are still living in these camps.In 2008, a Supreme courtyard decision recognized their nationality rights. A big percentage of the adults were registered to vote in the 2009 election. But after decades of isolation and discrimination, they are still out from the fundamental rights for which they have been sack their days at a lower place sub- tender condition in 66 shelter camps in the country. There we see that 94% are illiterate, near double t he national rate. Despite organism registered as voters and recognized as citizens, many Urdu speakers still are also uneffective to obtain government jobs, access credit, get passports or obtain compensation for their position confiscated during the war. They do not have emancipation of movement.1.2 Rationale of the look forStudy of military personnel rights is considered as one of the interesting and historic courses of our Department of Peace and Conflict Studies. On the other hand, various social problems are main discussed phenomena for social researchers. In the context, the uncivilized situation of Bihari people which they are experiencing in their daily lives is a matter of serious concern.There is very little research findings on this field. Some NGOs and individuals have worked on this topic much(prenominal) as BRAC, RMMRU (Refugee and migratory Movements Research Unit) etc but it is very poor comparing the importance and intensity of the problems they face. So I believe that my research on this issue will be able to add a holistic and incommensurable introduction in the research field. In this regard, I think it is very much important and rationale to identify the result cause, and find solution to their problems of human rights violation.1.3 object lens of the StudyThe main and broader objective of the assume is* To depict the human rights situation of the stranded Biharis and find out the root causes of various problems faced by them.Other Objectives* To present a realistic solution of the problem regarding both Government and non-Government initiatives and also Biharis panorama on solution to their problem.So this writing tries to explore the socio-economic condition of the Bihari people, the problems they are approach now and their opinion about their resentments.1.4 Research QuestionThe questions of the guinea pig are* What are the rights, Biharis are yet to get as human being?* What types of human rights violation they face?* What initiatives are taken by national and international community for the wagerer improvement of their miserable condition1.5 Study AreaBiharis are a minority community who live in 66 camps in different districts of Bangladesh. All these camps are located in the urban areas. Bihari people are Muslims. Maximum Bihari live together at geneva Camp, Mohammadpur in capital of Bangladesh. In Bangladesh geneva Camp is the biggest place for them. For my study I have chosen Mohammedpur geneva Camp which is located within Dhaka City Corporation Ward No. 45 in Dhaka city for data collection. I have visited the geneva Camp to collect data from the abode in that camp. There are nine avoids in Geneva camp, which are alphabetically named. The camp is divided into two move. impede A and B are located in one part and from block C to block I are in second part. The king-sizest block is C and the smallest is I. I have visited close to every block for the collection of data and also visited the SPGRC office, the school named shurovi and the al-Falah Clinic.1.6 Operational explanation of the Study BihariBihari, originally a Hindu word, literally means a soul belonging to the Indian State of Bihar. In Bangladesh, Bihari is a word usually considerd foetid for a non-local, speaking Urdu. Biharis did not come from the Indian State of Bihar alone. They came from other parts of India as well, and were largely distinguishable by their life-style that bound these people from their causation homelands into an identifiable minority company with the ordinarily spoken and understood language of Urdu. In todays Bangladesh, Biharis are the descendents of those optees and emigrants, who came to East Bengal after the great divide of India in 1947, many government employees under the British administration, were deputed to places in East Bengal.Among them, a large number of people came from the province of Bihar to serve in the railways, in the police, judiciaries and other civil departments (Ilias, Ahmed 2003). The International conclave on Biharis held in Geneva in 1982 referred to them as non-Bangladeshi or stranded Pakistanis. The Bihari are such people who opposed the independence of Bangladesh, wanted to go to Pakistan but could not do so due to complication in the repatriation process. (Farzana, 2008).Stranded PakistaniThis title was given to the Urdu-speaking community after Bangladeshs War of Independence in 1971. During the War, many members of this community sided with West Pakistan, and after losing the War they opted for repatriation to what is currently know as Pakistan rather than staying in the fresh formed nation of Bangladesh, former East Pakistan. While waiting for repatriation, they were interned in camps. some(prenominal)(prenominal) never made it to Pakistan, however, and were stranded in the camps. As a result, those who were left understructure were labeled as Stranded Pakistanis. gentleman RightsBy Human rights, we mean a basi c freedom and dignity that every someone is entitled to. This entitlement is derived simply from the persons status as a human being. Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled, a good deal held to include the right to life and liberty, freedom of thought and expression, and equality before the law. The planetary firmness of Human Rights (1948) gives recognition to the inseparable dignity and to the equal and inalienable rights of every human.The 1951 meeting on the Status of Refugees elaborates on Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which provides that Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. The Convention was the first in a series of treaties which turned the ideals of the Declaration into legally binding obligations. The language of the Convention is clear and compelling, shaping a refugee as someone with a well founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, reli gion, nationality, social status of a particular social group or political opinion.RefugeeThe term refugee is a term of art, that is, a term with a continent verifiable according to principles of general international law. In the legal sense, the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951, whose scope of applicability was extended by the Protocol Relating to the status of Refugees, 1967, is the closely important document on the description of Refugee.According to Article 1 (a) (2) of the Convention, the term refugee shall apply to any person who, owe to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or owing to such fear, is unwilling to serve himself of the protection of that country, much(prenominal) refugees are usually mentioned as congregation refugees (Malik, Tuhin, 1998). According to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951, and formula of the Office of the UNHCR 1950 a person shall step down to be a refugee if1) He has voluntarily re-availed himself of the protection of the country of his nationality2) Having lost his nationality he has voluntarily re0acquired it3) He has acquired a new(a) nationality, and enjoys the protection of the country of his new nationality4) He has voluntarily re-established himself in the country which he left or outside which he remained owing to fear of persecution.5) He squeeze out no longer, because the circumstances in radio link with which he has been recognized as a refugee have ceased to exist, continue to refuse to avail himself of the protection of the country of his nationality.The case of the Biharis comes under clause (III), for firstly many of them migrated to East Pakistan in 1947 using their option for Pakistan and secondly they were full-fledged citizens of Pakistan after 1951 But the UNHCR doesnt recognize them as refugee. Therefore, they were deprived of the benefits and opportunities extended to the refugees by the UNHCR. As a consequence, the stranded Biharis in Bangladesh faced multiple problems.Geneva CampAfter the partition of India and Pakistan the Indian Muslims were entering into Pakistan. Some went to West Pakistan and some went to East Pakistan (Bangladesh). Then about 8 million refugees came here from India and Bihari were 2 million in number. After the liberation war of 1971 they lost their houses.On 10 March, 1971 the beginner of the nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman said addressing to nation, Non-Bengali who live in Bangladesh are the son of this soil. Our arrogant responsibility is to save the life and the property of all citizens whether he is Bengali or Non-Bengali.The act of January1, 1972 by the government articulate no.1 and the act of February 28, 1972 made extreme detriment to them. They become helpless and shelter less. At that time International Committee for Red C ross (ICRC) came forward and made several camps in different places and brought them in camps for their safety. With this prospect the ICRC s the biggest camp New Geneva Colony locally known as Geneva Camp was formed at Mohammadpur in Dhaka. Since then a new movement of Biharis life starts without having fundamental principle rights. The house given to each family by Red Cross was only 8 feet in wide and 8 feet in length. More than 25000 people started living in just only 44000 square feet area.Human SecurityAccording to UNDP (1994) report, there are sevensome specific values of human surety, such as economic, pabulum, health, environmental, personal, community, and political credential. scotch warranter refers to an individuals usage of a basic income, either by dint of gainful employment or from a social safety net. Food security refers to an individuals access to food via his or her assets, employment, or income. Health security refers to an individuals freedom from var ious diseases and debilitating illnesses and his or her access to health care.Environmental security refers to the integrity of land, air, and water, which make human habitation possible. Personal security refers to an individuals freedom from hatred and violence, especially women and children who are more vulnerable. residential area security refers to cultural dignity and to inter-community ease within which an individual lives and grows. Finally, political security refers to protection against human rights violations. The Bihari community in Bangladesh is deprived of all the above-mentioned seven specific values.1.7 Limitations of the Study As this research is a part of academic course so the sample size was small. Therefore, abstract of the findings is not logical. The research is confined only to Geneva Camp due to pecuniary and time constraints. Better information bath be achieved if the research could be conducted in other camps too. Due to internal clashes in these cam ps, the investigators may encounter some difficulties maculation interviewing.Non cooperation from the answerers was another problem that the researcher had to come most during the period of data collection. I was not behaved cordially and cooperation was not offered from the respondents as they were tired of answering such types of interviews on several occasions. Hearing the fact that the study will solely meet up the academic purposes, they were much unwilling to respondent deliberately.