History exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History exam - Essay Example As Reagan reduced taxes, defense expenditure made it unattainable to have a balanced budget. This enlarged budget, coupled with the anti-Soviet campaign, increased America’s debt, as Americans could not contribute due to their reduced tax contributions. Incurred debt was transferred to the government. This led to many Americans experiencing economic hardship; they had to work harder and longer, as they had limited opportunities to progress professionally. Reagan encouraged growth of clandestine segment initiatives. He anticipated being able to reassign some federal responsibilities to the private sector. This initiative led to many developments domestically. Citizens enhanced their livelihoods and spontaneous services increased; domestic competition created growth in the private sector. On the domestic front, Reagan received much credit; he was productive and future-oriented (Knopf, 200). Although Reagan stopping the Vietnam War helped the U.S. maintain peace, it encouraged fresh new attacks from other territories. The Soviet Union consequently bombed an American aircraft, and the country faced attacks from Iran and Lebanon. Because of this, many Americans military groups felt the need to defend their country. This led to antagonism from each side. Americans had to be careful, as it was no longer considered to be peaceful. The Arabs and Lebanese were waiting for a chance to strike. Reagan did not gain favor nationally due to tax discrepancies in Americans’ incomes. This created a divide; some saw themselves as superior (those with a nine percent reduction in taxes), while others (those with a one percent reduction) saw themselves as inferior. These groups could not compromise because they saw themselves as dissimilar societal classes. Reagan enhanced the gap between the underprivileged and the rich. Reagan’s administration formed a

Negotiation paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Negotiation paper - Essay Example The main agenda of this tactic was to ensure the agent could not undermine me. My silence did not give the agent a clue of what I really wanted and the amount I was willing to pay for the property. I adopted the trick so that the seller felt bullied, which made him easily give in to my demands. The buildings were well built, insured and the surrounding environment aesthetically preserved. Early, survey was conducted where the buildings were examined and all documents verified for their validity. Following this, the agent had placed a value of $ 100,000 on the property. My plan was to spend between $ 60,000 and $ 80,000 although I was hoping that my tactics would play a greater role in ensuring that I bargain for lesser pay. It was time for negotiation, but the agent was not himself; he was full of fear and lacked composure. We took a few minutes staring at each other, but I took advantage of the situation and asked him the much he was willing to sell the property. I was focused on ensuring that I stay within my price range. I did not want to be the first person to make the offer because I was certain of its impact on the counter offer. He stated that he was offering the property at $ 85,000. Because the price was within my range, I did not behave in a manner to suggest the offer was favorable to me. I knew that initial offers are considerably unsuccessful as compared to the counter offer individual. The advantage of a first offer occurs when negotiating with an individual with no or less experience; because I have more than four years experience in the sector, I was very confident I would win. To react to my seller’s offer, I gave him a long silent look which in some way threatened him. I asked him if he was certain about the offer,, but in reply he asked me the much I was willing to part with, to be on the safe side, I did not say anything. After a short silence, the agent told me that he was willing to lowers the price from

John Lockes Social Contract Theory

John Lockes Social Contract Theory The agreement of the society to surrender its rights partially or entirely to the ruling government or authority is a social contract. The social contract is the basis of societys moral values today because it gives government the liberty to decide what is right and wrong depending on each societys socialization structure, all in the name of the rule of law. The social contract theory has been in existence for a very long time, right from the days of Plato (380BC) to John Rawls of the 20th century. The social contract bears the responsibility of both citizen and government and is introduced to protect an already peaceful society, or to form one. It is associated with modern political theory. Idealists and liberalist such as Thomas Hobbes, Jean Jacques-Rousseau and John Locke have influenced constitutions around the world a great deal especially the West with their theories. The social contract is generally supposed to provide justice and security to citizens within its boundaries. The state of nature is a place envisioned by a philosopher, prior to the existence of the social contract. The social contract is preceded after a philosopher has given his view of the state of nature. The state of nature does not have any moral or physical structures in place. It has to be envisioned. In the state of nature, there are no laws in place and no civilization. Man is either described as one who lives in harmony with his fellow men or fights for his survival. Idealist philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and Jean Jacques Rousseau argue that, since man is rational, in his state of nature there would be co-operation in existence and therefore his social contract must embody laws that are rational. On the other hand, realist philosophers such as Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes disagree with the optimistic notion of human beings. They argue that human beings are se lf-centred and would promote their interest first in all situations; therefore their state of nature would be chaotic and disorganised. The survivors of such a place would be only the strong or swift ones, therefore his social contract should allow irrational decisions to be taken by the head of state for the greater good of the people. The social contract simply implies that the people give up some rights to a government and/or other authority in order to accept or jointly preserve social order. John Locke, a liberal philosopher of the 18th century and the author of the famous and influential book, The Second Treatise of Government pioneered the need for the respect of human rights. Locke begins his theory by visualizing a state of nature that human beings live in before agreeing to the social contract. In Lockes state of nature, there is freedom, but not entirely because he claims that the law of nature governing this estate is from God. Rights and liberties are respected because he views human beings as rational. In the event where human beings react irrationally to negative human behavior, Locke suggests the need for a social contract, an agreement between the people of the state of nature to have an authority that would ensure justice and equality. One may react irrationally when meting out a punishment to an offender; another person may also intervene and punish the offender. To prevent a biased form of justice being carried out, Locke suggests an agreement among the pe ople to form a government that would make laws that would ensure equal justice for all and protection of rights found in the state of nature. In the state of nature there is no political authority in existence, however, moral values do exist. The Law of Nature, which is on Lockes view the basis of all morality, and given to us by God, commands that we not harm others with regards to their life, health, liberty, or possessions (par. 6).  [i]  Life, health and liberty are some of the fundamental rights that are found in the state of nature. The social contract which Locke suggests, must respect these basic human rights which are found in the state of nature John Lockes State and Law of Nature A state also of equality, wherein all the power of jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more than another à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦should also be amongst one another, without subordination or subjection, unless the lord and master of them all should, by any manifest declaration of his will, set one above another, and confer on him, by an evident and clear appointment, an undoubted right to dominion and sovereignty.  [ii]   -Second Treatise of Government, Locke To understand the state of nature, society must be viewed without any present authority, ruling monarch or government. It contains no houses, buildings, farmlands, culture or social amenities. John Lockes state of nature assures equality for all men. He believes that we will not entirely be free in the state of nature because we will be bound by the laws of nature. The law of nature which compels every and reason, which is that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life health, liberty or possessions for men being all the workmanship of one omnipotent and infinitely wise Maker.  [iii]  This law of nature enables the perceptive that, since we are all Gods creation, automatically we are all equal; therefore we have no right to take to take anothers life or possessions. In the state of nature, when no mans rights are being invaded then the law of nature is being observed. However, the law of nature allows an offender to be punished for the offence he committed. Everyone bound by the laws of nature have the right to punish transgressors of the law. This is because the law ensures equality and therefore it cannot appoint one person who would obtain a senior role to carry out justice. The problem with allowing everyone to be an executioner of the law is that a biased sentence could be carried out since emotions could come in the way. John Locke identifies that self-love will make men partial to themselves and their friends which will not reflect a true and just system and ill nature and revenge will carry them too far in punishing others and hence nothing but confusionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ To solve this problem, Locke proposes a social contract. The Social Contract The social contract he proposes is an agreement between the citizens and the ruling government. It is a solution to the problems of the state of nature. The government in power must be concerned with the well-being of the citizen. It must preserve his rights and punish the transgressors of the law. Such a government can be described as a legitimate government. An illegitimate government would be the one that would fail to protect the natural rights of its citizens and violate the rights of its subjects. Locke states that when a civil society is popularly entered into, it cannot become a dictatorship because power must come from above but legitimacy must come from below.  [iv]   This explains the reason why Locke argues that a society has the right to do away with a government that is not obeying the laws of the land by being involved in negative practices such as cheating, corruption, torture and nepotism. This provides the grounds for a legitimate rebellion. The government can be removed from power through the legitimate processes such as elections. Lockes arguments for the social contract and for the right of citizens to revolt against their king were enormously influential on the democratic revolutions that followed, especially on Thomas Jefferson, and the founders of the United States  [v]  look for more on the tacit consent Flaws of the Social Contract One of Lockes flaws is his contradiction of how exactly we are obliged to be a part of the social contract. He first discusses how the first citizens become a part of the contract by individual consent and how subsequent generations become a part of it by tacit consent. It does not hold because then it would be unconsciously forced unto the subsequent generations if they are not asked their opinion. For a society that is supposed to ensure freedom and equality, it is violating the rights of its citizens. Lockes view that permanent citizenship depends wholly on the individuals consent -and even express consent- is both unhistorical and contrary to all legal doctrine as any instructed modern reader will easily perceive.  [vi]  This is how Frederick Pollock views Lockes flaw of the consent in his book. Locke does not talk about what the ruling government must do if the citizens relegate their side of the contract. It cannot be applicable in the pursuit of happiness because it does not defend the minority or those living out of it. Generations tacit consent: agreeing to the unknown. Describe contract.;authority,rights of the people.what rights are they giving up? What will keep the contract binding? f

Charmin Toilet Paper Ad -- Advertisement, Ads, Advertising

Advertisements are one of many things that Americans cannot get away from. Every American sees an average of 3,000 advertisements a day; whether it’s on the television, radio, while surfing the internet, or while driving around town. Advertisements try to get consumers to buy their products by getting their attention. Most advertisements don’t have anything to do with the product itself. Every company has a different way of getting the public’s attention, but every advertisement has the same goal - to sell the product. Every advertisement tries to appeal to the audience by using ethos, pathos, and logos, while also focusing on who their audience is and the purpose of the ad. An example of this is a Charmin commercial where there is a bear who gets excited when he gets to use the toilet paper because it is so soft. In this Charmin commercial, the author is the Charmin Company. The bears are used as the speakers for Charmin. They are cute, lovable, and are appealing to most people. They were not always in the Charmin commercials however. The first Charmin bear was introduced in 2001, and then the cubs the following year. They were a big hit with the public so the company continues to use them as the mascots/speakers for Charmin toilet paper. The bears are a big help in selling the product. The audience of the Charmin commercials is every human being that watches television. This product, toilet paper, is something that everyone, no matter where they live, needs to use in everyday life. It is a product that will always be bought by people but there are many different companies in the toilet paper industry. The main audience is for those that do not use Charmin already, but... ... author, or speaker does not use any facts or logic in the commercial. Every advertisement has different ways of getting the audience’s attention. Advertisements mostly use the three appeals, but different forms of showing them off. In this commercial ethos and pathos is used to get to the consumers. Charmin is the greatest toilet paper and everybody should use it, that is the message they are trying to get across. It may be true to some people, but the overall population most likely does not use Charmin but another brand of toilet paper that is cheaper. I do not think that this commercial is that effective because I, along with many other people, just use whatever kind of toilet paper there is; the brand does not matter. In other countries there are other brands that are said to be the number one brand of toilet paper; it is different everywhere.

Definitions Of Different Types Or Warefare History Essay

Three types of warfare preponderate in civil wars: a ) irregular warfare among unsymmetrically strong officeholders and weak insurrectionists[ 2 ], such as the Algerian civil war and the first stage of the Greek civil war. Contrary to rationally well-founded claims[ 3 ], irregular warfare is non married to inflexibly definite causes ( i.e. radical people ‘s war ) . Asymmetry besides is consistent with another type of force, terrorist act[ 4 ]. B ) regular warfare among symmetrically powerful officeholders and robust insurrectionists[ 5 ], such as the Spanish, American or Greek ( in the 2nd stage ) civil wars. External intercession for the insurrectionists may transform irregular into regular warfare, as in Vietnam war ‘s last stage. degree Celsius ) guerrilla warfare ( symmetric non-conventional[ 6 ]) among symmetrically dynamic officeholders and insurrectionists, such as the Liberian civil war, represented as condemnable or pre-modern type of warfare[ 7 ]. Empirically, frontlines ( e.g. urban roadblocks ) among contending groups distinguish this type of warfare from irregular warfare[ 8 ]. By and large, conventional-type civil wars result preponderantly from putschs d'etat ( i.e. Spanish civil war ) or secessionist motions against federal authoritiess ( i.e. American civil war ) ; irregular-type civil wars originate preponderantly from rural-type insurgences[ 9 ]( i.e. first stage of Chinese civil war ) ; symmetric non-conventional-type civil wars derive from authorities prostration ( i.e. Somali civil war )[ 10 ]. However, these three types of warfare might happen in same civil war in different stages. The heterogeneousness of semantic footings for irregular/guerrilla warfare denotes the repeating predicament for placing a typical class of war[ 11 ]. In fact, guerilla warfare exhibits about 38 nomenclature discrepancies[ 12 ]. No overarchingly precise definition of guerilla warfare has been elaborated in the literature about irregular/guerrilla warfare because this construct is embedded intellectually in a tradition of strategic thought and pattern, non a uniformly thorough definition[ 13 ]. The term â€Å" little war † in the seventeenth century designated civil war[ 14 ], â€Å" la petite guerre † in the eighteenth century denoted particular operations undertaken by particular forces incorporated in regular armed forces-destitute of ideological connotations- whose leaders ‘ names ( â€Å" zealots † ) labelled the groups ‘ members[ 15 ]. During the American Civil War and the Napoleonic Wars, â€Å" partizan warfare † blended crucially with political orientation ; in the Peninsular War, the â€Å" guerilla † signified transformationally non the â€Å" little war † but the Rebels in this â€Å" little war †[ 16 ]. In late nineteenth century, guerrilla/partisan warfare supplemented battles for national release or political revolution, whereas â€Å" little wars † marked the history of colonialism[ 17 ]. The Second World and Cold Wars buttressed a connexion between left-of-center motions and â€Å" radical people ‘s war † owing to communist relief in endeavoring against the Axis and Western colonial powers either for national release or proletarian revolution[ 18 ]. The Cold War ‘s terminal presaged the recession of â€Å" radical people ‘s wars † and the support of â€Å" insurgences † or â€Å" low strength struggles †[ 19 ]. The thorough survey of guerilla warfare is entangled by speculations that need disproval. First, although identified uniformly as the indispensable method of war of the â€Å" weak †[ 20 ], guerilla warfare belongs to the armory of the â€Å" strong † as the interventional usage of Contras against the Sandinistas in Nicaragua by Washington groundss. Second, guerrilla/irregular warfare encompasses non-state dissenters against province suspects, and province against province rivals[ 21 ]as the tactic of the Viet Cong to Hanoi ‘s benefit against Saigon demonstrates. Third, guerrilla/irregular warfare signifies a perennial -yet non paramount- trait of intrastate war[ 22 ]that manifests in guerrilla, conventional and symmetric non-conventional signifiers. Therefore, any antagonist can use guerrilla/irregular warfare in any type of war in chase of political aims[ 23 ]. What is insurgence and counter-insurgency? The U.S. Field Manual 3-24 Counterinsurgency determines insurgence in connexion to pacification as â€Å" †¦ an organized motion aimed at the overthrow of a established authorities through the usage of corruption and armed struggle ( JP 1-02 ) †¦ an insurgence is an organized, protracted politico-military battle designed to weaken the control and legitimacy of an constituted authorities, busying power, or other political authorization while increasing seditious control. Counterinsurgency is military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and civic actions taken by a authorities to get the better of insurgence ( JP 1- 02 ) †¦ insurgence and COIN are included within a wide class of struggle known as irregular warfare. Political power is the cardinal issue in insurgences and pacifications ; each side aims to acquire the people to accept its administration or authorization as legitimate †[ 24 ]. Sir Robert Thompson, a British counter-insurgency theoretician and practician, determined the insurgence ‘s correlativity with political aims within a civil war â€Å" †¦ an insurgence, as a type of war, may take to and be portion of a big conventional struggle, revolution, or civil war. Insurgency, as a method of war, implies the effort to utilize force and irregular signifiers of warfare against a peculiar fraction ( s ) for the express intent of political-military addition, which may subsequently take to inclusion with, or the overthrow of, bing governments. †[ 25 ] David Galula, a Gallic counter-insurgency theoretician and practician, enunciated in similar footings that â€Å" An insurgence is a civil war. †[ 26 ] â€Å" The aim being the population itself, the operations designed to win it over ( for the insurrectionist ) or to maintain it submissive ( for the counterinsurgent ) are basically of a political nature†¦ political action remains first throughout the war †[ 27 ].

Implications for Marketers

Implications for Marketers Marketing strategies (Marketing mix elements – price, product, distribution, and promotions) has to reflect the brand and its image appropriately. Marketers should constantly be up to date with the changes in consumer’s demographic, lifestyles, and trends in order to develop marketing programs that appeals to them, so that they are able to be more adaptive to the marketing programs to the brand to achieve brand awareness. Marketers should always develop marketing programs that fits the image of the brand in order to achieve consumers association with the brand. Fast and effective strategies need to be implemented whenever there are negative news and views regarding the brand before it spreads further and tarnishes the brand’s and corporate image. Marketers need to avoid manipulation of the benefits of the product in order to avoid any boycotts, protest and suing by health organisations and various parties, which will generate negative publicity that will tarnish the brand and company. Advertising message and strategies has to reflect the brand’s image in order for consumer to associate better with the brand. The candidate (celebrity) selected as the brand’s ambassador must reflect the image of the brand and connects well with brand in order for consumers to associate well with the product, hence achieving brand association. Marketer s has to ensure that congruence (resemblance) of brand association exists to ensure that consumers (with little knowledge regarding the brand) do not get confused with the meaning of the brand. Furthermore, it is to ensure that brand associations do not get easily changed by competitive actions. Lastly, to ensure that consumers will not overlook or discount some potentially relevant brand associations in making brand decisions. Marketers must ensure the marketing programs are executed in a right manner in order to build long term brand knowledge and to ensure the success of its marketing strategies in the long run, which will then generate repeat business, triggering customer loyalty and sales. 0. Store layout and location has to reflect the brand’s target market in order to enhance brand association. 11. Marketing strategies should be executed extensively in order to ensure consumers are constantly being exposed to the brand to increase brand awareness. 12. Appropriate leveraging strategies should be implemented in order to enhance the brand extension, which then creates a positive brand image. 13. Marketers have to ensure that the right licensors is selected in its licensing strategy. The licensor selected is able to carry the brand without altering the significance of the brand and its image to ensure consistency in the brand’s image so that it does not confuse consumers. 14. Marketers must ensure they are constantly exceeding and satisfying consumers expectations in developing its marketing programs (marketing mix elements) in order to gain favourability and positive reviews from consumers regarding the brand, gaining a sustainable competitive advantage. 5. Marketers must ensure they are constantly exceeding and satisfying consumers’ expectations in order to gain a favourable brand and corporate image. 16. To foster profitable customer relationships. 17. Foster relationship marketing with various firms to get further in the market place and in order to form more strategic alliance with other strong powerful firms out there in order to gain competitive advantage over competitors.

The Impact of the Beatles on p essays

The Impact of the Beatles on p essays During the 1920s, the automobile was the greatest symbol in the community and it led a new era in transportation. In those years, automobile became popular rapidly. The automobile registration had an explosion and reached from eight million to twenty-three million within a decade, right before the break out of the Great Economic Depression of October 29, 1929. The mass production and big amount sales of automobiles increased the mobility of the United States, and brought faster and easier transportation to the people. Before the mass production, cars had been a luxury for the wealthy. The arrival of World War I and the Great Depression led to a setback in the development of luxury cars. It was during this time that the great deluxe automobile gradually disappeared from the road. But the creation of the Ford Model "T" and the Ford assembly line changed all that. With the assembly line, cars rolled off the production belt in very large quantities, making manufacturing and sales less expensive, and the convenience of automobiles available to almost anyone. This new development called mass production. With the mass production car sales soon went through the roof, as the public came to realize the benefits of an automobile. By 1927, 15.5 million Ford Model "T"s had been sold, and had stopped being produced, while the new and improved model "A" was released. By the early 1920s, automobiles were being used for much more than just ordinary activity. There were even hearses made into automobiles, as well as busses, and even trucks. The age of the horse and cart was quickly being replaced with something "bigger and better". The 1920's were a turbulent decade for automakers. Hundreds of new makes and models burst onto the market scene. The other American automobile manufacturers quickly adopted Fords mass production techniques. Ford, GM, and Chrysler made more than 80% of vehicles produced in world ...

Free Essays on Doing Bussiness In France

Free Essays on Doing Bussiness In France The purpose of this paper is to provide the audience with information that will help the reader with possible future meetings while doing business in France. The content of this paper will provide general information about France including; a basic geographic summary, helpful information focusing on business customs and practices and the differences and interesting cultural facts about France. Geographical Overview France is located in Western Europe; it borders the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel, located between Belgium and Spain southeast of the United Kingdom; bordering the Mediterranean Sea which is located between Italy and Spain. France has a temperate climate from being located mid-way between the North Pole and the equator. The Mediterranean coast makes the climate have typically cool winters and mild summers, however many places in France do get extremely hot summers and bitterly cold winters. The mountain areas of France have a tendency to be colder with a considerable amount of rain and snow. France has a terrain of mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in the north and west of the country. The remainder of the country is very mountainous specifically the Pyrenees in the south and the Alps in the east. France is approximately 212,000 (plus) square miles in size with a population of 59,800,000. The capital of France is Paris with a population of more than 8.7 million people. Business Customs and Practices The French are very formal, in both dress and manners. The details do not matter to the French but rather it is the overall affect that matters. The French do not get on a first name basis quickly; they see informality as becoming too pushy and view it as a loss of respect. While Americans try to not interrupt the French on the other hand like to do many things as the same time and will constantly interrupt one another. This behavior not only occurs in business settings but also in soc...

SAT Fees and Registration Whats the Total Cost of the SAT

SAT Fees and Registration What's the Total Cost of the SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Just like many parts of the college application process, taking the SAT (and even using your SAT scores) comes with an assortment of fees. Here, I'll break down every possible SAT registration cost and score fee. Then, I'll go over strategies for saving as much money as possible on the SAT. Registration Costs for the SAT (Updated for 2019-2020) Registration charges are unfortunately mandatory if you are planning on taking the SAT. Registration-related fees, or add-ons that can bump up your costs, aren't required of test-takers. These extra services could be useful in special circumstances, even though you'll end up shelling out a few extra bucks. Here's a chart outlining the mandatory SAT fees: Fee Cost Description Registration- SAT with essay $64.50 Fee to register for the SAT with the optional essay section Registration- SAT without essay $49.50 Fee to register for the SAT without the optional essay section And here's a chart outlining optional add-on fees: Add-on Fees Cost Description Register by phone $15 Instead of registering online. Available only if you’ve registered for the test before. Late fee $30 Charge for registering after the normal deadline, but before the late registration deadline. Waitlist fee $53 Charge for being added to a test date waitlist after the late registration deadline. Charge is processed only if you end up taking the test. International fees $43-$53 Extra charges for taking the test outside of the US; varies by region Score Report Analysis Costs for the SAT (Updated for 2019-2020) After you take the SAT, you'll want to receive, analyze, and send out your scores. This chart outlines all possible post-test services and their costs. Service Cost Description Receiving scores online $0 Checking your scores online is free of charge. You still need to send official score reports to schools, however. Receiving scores by mail $0 This would take longer than just checking your scores online, but it’s also free of charge. Receiving scores by phone $15 This fee is per call. Score report (first four reports) $0 Enter up to four school score report requests at no cost (up to the Monday nine days after the published test date). Score report (each additional report) $12 After your first four reports, you’re charged this fee per each additional score report. Rush report request $31 This cost is per order, not per score report; there’s no guaranteed report delivery date. This fee is in addition to any fee per score report you're paying. Question Answers Service $18 Only available for specific test dates. You receive a copy of the SAT questions, your responses, the correct responses w/scoring instructions, and information about question type and difficulty. Student Answer Service $13.50 You receive information on question type, difficulty level, and whether your answer was correct, incorrect, or omitted. A watered-down version of the Question Answers service. Multiple choice score verification $55 Charge for having someone manually review your multiple choice answer sheet. Essay score verification $55 Charge for having someone check your essay score for processing errors (your essay will not be re-graded). How to Minimize SAT Registration Reporting Costs As you can see, SAT registration and reporting costs can add up pretty quickly if you're pressed for time, if you want detailed score reports, or if you're applying to a lot of schools. You can avoid a lot of these fees if you plan ahead. Planning ahead can save you hundreds of dollars; your piggy bank will thank you Take the Test Early If you're scrambling to get official score reports to schools before their application deadlines, you might not have a choice but to pay $31 for a rush order. This might happen if you take the SAT last minute, or if you procrastinate in sending official score reports. Although this is unavoidable in certain circumstances, you'll save yourself money (and unnecessary stress) if you take your test earlier rather than later. It takes about three weeks for your scores to be posted after you take your SAT. You should budget another two weeks at the minimum for colleges to actually receive your score reports. In order to avoid rush fees, try to schedule your last SAT no later than five weeks before your scores need to be in. Register Early If you miss the normal deadline and have to register late, you'll end up increasing your total registration costs by about 50%. Registering months in advance won't only save you money - it will also ensure you get the test date you want before al the seats are booked. Having a hard test deadline in mind can also jumpstart your motivation to study; you'll be better able to budget your time. Take Advantage of Free Score Reports You can send up to four score reports for free if you specify the schools you'd like to send your scores to early enough. List the four schools as early as registration, and as late as the Monday 9 days after the published test date. This will save you up to $48. Apply for a Fee Waiver if You're Eligible Low-income families may find these SAT costs to be especially daunting. In an effort to mitigate this financial burden, CollegeBoard offers fee waivers to certain students. You may qualify if you meet any of the following requirements: You're enrolled in or eligible to participate in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) Your family income falls within guidelines for free or reduced price lunches Your family receives public assistance You're enrolled in a federal, state, or local program for low income students (e.g. Upward Bound) You live in subsidized housing, foster care, or are homeless You are a ward of the state or an orphan With a fee waiver, you get free test registration and free score reports. You have to apply for a fee waiver through your school counselor; since this can take time, make sure to apply for a fee waiver well in advance of the test dates you'd like to register for. What's Next? We've gone over ways you can save money on your SAT registration and score reports, but did you know that you can actually make money on the SAT? Learn more about how your SAT scores can open up some great scholarship opportunities. Of course, you want to make sure you get the best scores possible, and not just for scholarships. Check out our guide to getting the perfect SAT score. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

Written response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Written response - Essay Example hat he hoped that while they may not agree with or support what Kennedy had in store during his time in office that they would at least continue to support the efforts of freedom that Kennedy was instilling on the nation. This would help to ensure the survival and success of liberty, everything that the nation stands for. President Kennedy went on to discuss the purposes and benefits of unity. If we stopped fearing each other, we could become more successful in our endeavors. We could make advancements in science, medicine, and technology; instead of fearing these things, we can work together to make them work for us. However, states and countries must show honest sincerity when deciding to work together with the rest of the nation. As Kennedy said, â€Å"Civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.† Kennedy drew his address to a close with the immortal words that we have all become familiar with: â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country.† He furthered his statement to encompass the world, saying, â€Å"Ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.† Kennedy knew the importance of working together as a united world, becoming one instead of falling apart and going against each other as many. He extended his hand of freedom and peace to the entire human race, not just a select

Answering questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answering questions - Essay Example My writing experience during high school and college can only be described as fun. This is because, in many cases, even during other courses that required an essay, I would find it being so much enjoyable since I usually scoped high grades in those quizzes and assignments. Since writing is my passion, and with my studies now, I have a lot of experience in stories and poems. Since I began my college studies, I have written several poems and stories that I intend to publish in due course. My writing skills also involve writing dissertations and article writing. I usually write articles which are published in our state youth journal that gives me an avenue to explore my skills and talent. My future career is to be consultant in the field of marketing; therefore, my writing skills would be widely used in communicating with my clients and to the markets thereafter. Since marketing strategies involve wide interactions with the customers (people), I intend to sharpen my skills so that I would effectively communicate during my work

An interview with a manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

An interview with a manager - Essay Example Two different managers tackle the same matter in two different ways, yet both can be right or wrong. Taking this into consideration, it often becomes very difficult to realize how theoretical knowledge and concepts about management can be applied in practical work. In order to resolve such conceptual problems, an interview with a manager can often prove very useful so that the management theories can be compared with the practical trends in place. This can particularly help business management students realize the issues that obstruct the practical realization of ideal management so that they may be equipped with prior knowledge of them and prepare themselves accordingly. Owing to their central role in running an organization, the need of interviewing a manager for various purposes is commonly felt. However, it is not very easy to make a manager commit to the interviewer. It is not unusual for responsible managers to be ignorant of an appointment made with an interviewer. The haphazard and complex nature of work explains the reason. Therefore, the interviewer should have taken necessary measures on his/her own part so that the interview may be conducted with least inconvenience to any of the parties. This paper discusses the factors that need to be considered and taken care of while interviewing a manager. The information will be very useful for researchers, news reporters and representatives of other agencies who have to often seek information from the managers. In the paper, I have also discussed an interview with a manager that I personally conducted so that it may be presented as an example to refer to when required. For the interview, Ross Bannerman was selected who is the General Manager (GM) of the â€Å"Bannerman Seafoods† in Scotland. GM Ross Bannerman’s contact information was retrieved from the Bannerman Seafoods official website. A letter was faxed to him on the fax number mentioned in the website, followed by a

Visual Literacy in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Visual Literacy in Business - Essay Example The Barack Obama â€Å"Hope† poster is trying to sell him as the best president for America. The words used in the poster portray him as a candidate in whom America can find solace and base hopes. However, there is more to the poster than just what meets the eye. In the year 2008, America was facing one of its worst moment. The poster portrayed Obama as what America needed to get back to its feet. He was the hope and source of optimism for a better America. The variety of solid colors used in the poster represented all the races in America. It sold him as being a president who represented all the races equally. Thus, the advert does not focus on the candidate; rather, it targets the feelings of the electorate about optimism and views of multiracialism. ‘’We can do it† poster was trying to sell the idea to women that they could also join the Second World War. However, the poster is acting as a platform to promote feminism. It has a message that communicates to women to arise and shine. They are encouraged to take up the challenging tasks through the message displayed and the use of an image of a woman. Old Spice advertisement is trying to sell the body wash. However, it is interesting because it sends the message that everything is possible when a man uses Old Spice. The man is portrayed to have a good body and wealthy. Every woman desires this type of a person and, therefore, most will buy the product for their men. This form of communication can lead to some ethical issues. They include sexism and feminism, for example, the Old Spice advertisement. It has objectified men and most would struggle to look like the man in it to make them attractive. If it were a female half-naked, it would have lead to a lot of reaction from the public therefore promoting

Adaptive Landcapes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Adaptive Landcapes - Essay Example Besides, Lansing (2009) also affirmed that with the use of ecological simulation, cultural as well as historical analysis modeling, the priests in the temples reflected the manner in which the water can be used in the different landscape of production. Hence, it can be affirmed that the book is a comprehensible narration of technical and social aspects of water management in Bali (Lansing, 2009). Ulun Danu Batur (a.k.a. Pura Ulun Danu Batur) was built during 1926 and is the second most important temple of Bali, which is dedicated to Dewi Danu. The temple comprises of nine different worship areas and contains around 285 different shrines and pavilions. The temple is donated to the goddesses of water, holy springs, and agriculture among other spiritual symbols of Bali. In the Balinese Hindus religion, Dewi Danu is referred as water goddess. She is one of the two ultimate deities of the Bali tradition who commands Balinese lakes, which is an important source of water and sustenance (Bali Safari and Marine Park, n.d.). Green revolution indicates the period between 1940’s until late 60’s, on which, the productivity of the agriculture has significantly increased due to high amount of advancements in the production of chemical fertilizers, artificial herbicides as well as the pesticides. Moreover, the advancements made it possible to increase the productivity of nutrients, which correspondingly increased the yield (Fitzgerald-Moore & Parai, n.d.). GoogleMap. (2015). Map of Mt.Batur. Retrieved from https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Mt+Batur,+South+Batur,+Kintamani,+Bangli+Regency+80652,+Indonesia/@-8.2008252,115.3564797,12z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x2dd1f403ce5a1e5d:0x8851b0c51ddaa2eb GoogleMap. (2015). Map of Lake Batur. Retrieved from

Human rights abuses and violations of international law in Israel-Gaza Article

Human rights abuses and violations of international law in Israel-Gaza war - Article Example Israel is waging a war of self-defense against a â€Å"terrorist organization† (the Hamas authority) and, hence, is obligated to protect its security whilst meeting the â€Å"vital needs† of the civilian population of Gaza. Were these needs at odds with security, priority was to be given to security. Apparently, the Israeli Supreme Court resolved that the Gaza Strip was not occupied by Israel on the basis of the closure of Israeli military rule and the temporary existence of Israeli combatants in Gaza. Therefore, the court decided that, â€Å"Israel no longer has effective control over what takes place within the territory of the Gaza Strip† (Davis & Kirk 128) and, thus, â€Å"has no general obligation to care for the welfare of the residents of the Strip†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Mukhimer 33). Basically, the court believed that the widening of the occupation to a certain territory necessitates the recognition of the right to ‘permanent presence’ of soldiers and hostile armed forces in that territory (Davis & Kirk 128-9). Such facts only show that the Israeli state is in clear violation of the legal rights of the Gaza Strip. Violation of the laws of war by the Israeli army involved drone-propelled missile assaults that took the life of several civilians. Hamas and other Palestinian militias encroached upon the laws of war through rocket-launched attacks intentionally or extensively to civilian territories in Israel (Garlasco 59). Furthermore, both Hamas and Israel keep on violating international humanitarian law. Palestinian armies have loosened up but did not cease their wholesale rocket attacks against Israel. Israel is seriously limiting the import of needed supplies for rebuilding into Gaza. After the hostilities, civilians in Gaza have been incapable of restoring their devastated houses and infrastructures. Insofar as right to self-defense is involved, the UN Charter stated that the right to self-defense is an â€Å"inherent right of [the] state† (Meloni & Tognoni

Adaptive Landcapes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Adaptive Landcapes - Essay Example Besides, Lansing (2009) also affirmed that with the use of ecological simulation, cultural as well as historical analysis modeling, the priests in the temples reflected the manner in which the water can be used in the different landscape of production. Hence, it can be affirmed that the book is a comprehensible narration of technical and social aspects of water management in Bali (Lansing, 2009). Ulun Danu Batur (a.k.a. Pura Ulun Danu Batur) was built during 1926 and is the second most important temple of Bali, which is dedicated to Dewi Danu. The temple comprises of nine different worship areas and contains around 285 different shrines and pavilions. The temple is donated to the goddesses of water, holy springs, and agriculture among other spiritual symbols of Bali. In the Balinese Hindus religion, Dewi Danu is referred as water goddess. She is one of the two ultimate deities of the Bali tradition who commands Balinese lakes, which is an important source of water and sustenance (Bali Safari and Marine Park, n.d.). Green revolution indicates the period between 1940’s until late 60’s, on which, the productivity of the agriculture has significantly increased due to high amount of advancements in the production of chemical fertilizers, artificial herbicides as well as the pesticides. Moreover, the advancements made it possible to increase the productivity of nutrients, which correspondingly increased the yield (Fitzgerald-Moore & Parai, n.d.). GoogleMap. (2015). Map of Mt.Batur. Retrieved from https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Mt+Batur,+South+Batur,+Kintamani,+Bangli+Regency+80652,+Indonesia/@-8.2008252,115.3564797,12z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x2dd1f403ce5a1e5d:0x8851b0c51ddaa2eb GoogleMap. (2015). Map of Lake Batur. Retrieved from

Hephaestus Made Up Story Essay Example for Free

Hephaestus Made Up Story Essay â€Å"Where am I?† asked Hephaestus, confused and hurt. â€Å"Why you’re on Lemnos Island, you took quite a hit. I’m guessing you did something to make Zeus distraught, am I right?† said Thetis, a Nereid nymph. And suddenly Hephaestus remembered it all. Seeing his mother, Hera, all tied up and Zeus madder than ever. As he began to go through all the emotions again he carefully disdained all of the bad thoughts and put an indifferent face on; there was no reason to scare his new friend away. â€Å"Something like that,† he barely replied. â€Å"Well, I’m sure you’re very crippled. I shall take you to the Sintian Men; they will be responsible of you, for now. Okay, Hephaestus?† said Thetis. There was no response. â€Å"Poor kid,† mumbled Thetis as she took him to the Sintian Men. The following day Hephaestus woke up in an unfamiliar place, full of unfamiliar people. â€Å"Who are you? What do you want?† Hephaestus entreated. â€Å"We are the Sintian Men, we mean no harm. We’re here to help you.† said one of the men. And from that point on the Sintian Men and Hephaestus became very close good pals. Hephaestus soon started to become very well known around the island, and everyone wanted to meet him. He was a celebrity, crippled but famous. I never had this much attention, he thought. I practically know everyone here, like my own heaven. And then with a whim he saw Aerdna, for the first time. A million of questions rushed to his head: who is she? Where is she from? Has she always been here? I need to get to know her. Shy and formidable Hephaestus quickly retreated and went home. There he made a plan, with guile included. He decided to woo her. Hephaestus, the god that had the special gift of building fine arts, gently made a beautiful scallop shell. He planned to give it to Aerdna as a token of his love. She gladly accepted it, for she too had feelings for him. Now, at this time, Aphrodite was about to get thrown out of the heavens. â€Å"I can’t go! I’ll do anything!† she pleaded to Zeus. Zeus just laughed and replied, â€Å"You must marry the son of my wife: Hephaestus. He is located on Lemnos Island. But, good luck with that. For I see he has found himself another woman.† Hephaestus with another woman? I don’t believe so. This won’t do. She thought to herself. When I see it, I’ll believe it. So, Aphrodite made a trip to Lemnos Island and found out that what Zeus said was true. â€Å"I am appalled! I shall change all of this, I will keep my spot as the goddess of beauty if it’s the last thing I do!† yelled Aphrodite. Quickly and cleverly, Aphrodite made a plan. She would lure Aerdna into a cave and kill her right then and there. Then she will go to Hephaestus and demand his hand in marriage. But, as we all know, not everything always goes as planned. Aphrodite successfully lured her prey into the cave but as soon as Aerdna caught the gist of what was happening she tried to run away. In the end, Aerdna turned into the scallop shell Hephaestus gave her; which later on would become a sign of Aphrodite. Aphrodite and Hephaestus later then got married. Aphrodite remained being a goddess and Hephaestus never really figured out what happened with his one true love.

Dolls House

Dolls House Comparing the Views on Womens Position in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice and Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Abstract The research conducted in order for this essay to be written wasnt like that which would be conducted during a science experiment or a mathematical problem solving. The research undertaken for this essay was very analytical. It delved deeply into two famous literary works of the nineteenth century. The research was mainly carried out because of the interesting difference between the two works and the extremely strong female protagonists. What the main idea of this research essay was was comparing the views on womens positions in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen and A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen. The literary works are only seventy years apart, yet societys views changed so drastically in those seventy years that it is difficult not to be interested in studying the two works. To truly understand the views of women in these two publications, one must read the two thoroughly as well as research what kinds of events were occurring at the times of the publications. When Pride and Prejud ice was published, society in the book was identical to society in real life. When A Dolls House was published, womens rights were beginning to become more prominent in society. Of course, even then, there were still some old fashioned minds. Torvald Helmer was the epitome of what Ibsen disapproved of. As many people analysed, Ibsen wrote this play to make the world move forward quicker. It is unknown whether or not his play actually made a huge impact; however, womens position in society has changed drastically since. Even between the two publications, there was a dramatic change. Nora Helmer was an inconceivable character to Jane Austen. By the time Ibsen had his play performed, women were beginning to think independently and seek independence. The findings evident in this essay will not change the world or stop global warming. However, they do make a person think how differently life was lived in the nineteenth century. Introduction For a period in history, the only thing that seemed to plague women was the prospect of marriage. Even if a woman didnt necessarily want to marry she would be forced into thinking of it because it was all that surrounded her. In the early 19th century, it was not hard to understand that women in society were believed to be simple creatures, who didnt want more than a lovely home to sit in and neighbouring women to gossip with. In 1813, Pride and Prejudice, a novel that supported all these social thoughts, was introduced to the world. This novel was written by Jane Austen and is probably one of the most famous love stories of all time simply because all women love to read about a love that survived the good and bad times. Jane Austen was a woman in the time where marriage was all one should think of as a young lady. Not seventy years later, a play was performed for the first time, titled A Dolls House. This play was written by playwright Henrik Ibsen and illustrated strongly contrasting themes to those present in Pride and Prejudice. Whilst Pride and Prejudice centres on a woman in want of a husband, A Dolls House focuses on the other side of marriage; the side of marriage nobody wanted revealed when it was first performed. Ibsen wrote his play at the time when women were beginning to be thought of in society as something more than just females. In his play, Ibsen created a character that began seeing past the prettiness of marriage with her husband. She began to think for herself and understand that there is more to learn about the world and one cannot know it unless one seeks it. Two writers, less than seventy years apart, with entirely different attitudes as to how the world should be seen, in the eyes of a woman. Both existed in the same century, yet they were worlds apart when it came to societys views on women and their position. Jane Austen believed it only natural for marriage to be on a young lady of marriageable ages mind. Henrik Ibsen, on the other hand, thought it inappropriate to show marriage as always being a traditional destiny. Ibsen portrayed women as independent or, at the very least, seeking independence. He succeeded when attempting to portray women as more than hopeless young ladies whose life goals were to be married. Both are entirely conflicting stories; both are incredibly successful. Character Comparisons Two very different stories would obviously have two very different protagonists. Pride Prejudice and A Dolls House are no exception; the former, Elizabeth Bennet; the latter, Nora Helmer. They are vastly different but are not the only characters that are comparable in the two novels. Elizabeth Bennet compared to Nora Helmer Elizabeth lives with her mother who is a lady who badgered and pestered her five daughters about marriage. Elizabeth, being a woman in the times when marriage and economy was everything to a woman, has differing views to her society. Elizabeth does not believe in betrothing herself to someone she is not compatible with. Elizabeth is a unique woman. Compared to all other women in that time, she is intellectual and cares about more than money and worldly possessions. She does not want to marry a man she cannot converse with. Even though Elizabeth is a different woman who fancied more than the average woman in the early 1800s, she still wanted to marry a man she could live with. If she didnt, she would have to be married to him for life in misery. Divorce was not ever thought of in the times of Elizabeth Bennet and her sisters. Therefore, if you were betrothed to somebody, you would be betrothed to them for the whole of eternity. It was considered completely unladylike and ungrateful, a lso, to leave your husband. If a woman was married to a man who was supporting her well and who was giving her all she wanted and she decided to leave him, society would look at her as an unappreciative wife who is not satisfied with anything. It was not understood in those old times that two people were not compatible. All that was thought of when marriage was brought up was if hes a man who can support this woman with whatever happens. Consequently, Elizabeth wanted to marry but she wanted to marry someone she was compatible with, someone she could spend the rest of her life with and not regret it. Marriage is what she wanted but it wasnt the marriage that her mother or the rest of society would ever understand. Nora Helmer is a house-wife. She knits and shops, just as a house-wife should. She never complains that her life isnt satisfying. However, Ibsen was clever enough to conceal her true feelings until later on in the play. As the audience analyses Nora, it is realised that her life was never pleasing; there was always something lacking in everything she ever did and never did she realise it until it was almost too late. Nora is tired of living in a home where she is treated as a doll would be treated pampered and adored for her physicality. Eventually, she realises that living with Torvald Helmer is not the way she wants to live. There is so much to see out there in the world; so much to learn about; and here she is, living in a dolls house, confined to a town that is not wide enough for her mind, nor exciting enough. Finally, she leaves her dismal life in the dolls house, to live her own life, to learn things shes never known before, to travel to places she has only ever heard of. She wanted to experience life, as shed never seen it before and she could not do that whilst living under the same roof as Torvald Helmer. Both these women are of great depth and intrigue. Both Elizabeth and Nora have different thoughts to those of the normal flow of their surroundings. Elizabeth didnt want to marry for money and end with a husband who couldnt even converse with her, unusual as it was in her time. Nora did not want to be imprisoned in a home, which offered no comfort, no excitement, no learning opportunities. Both characters are similar in the ways that they both went against the usual course of those around them. However, they are different in the things they wanted ultimately. Elizabeth wanted to marry someone compatible. Nora wanted to stay away from marriage life and learn more about the world and herself before committing to anything more. Pride and Prejudice ends with both Elizabeth Bennet and Jane Bennett celebrating their marriages to Fitzwilliam Darcy and Charles Bingley. A Dolls House, on the other hand, ends with Nora walking to the world, ready to embrace whatever the world has to offer. In less than seventy years, the stories written about women and their position changed drastically. Women were beginning to be seen as more capable and as more equal. It was also known that marriage was not all that would cross their minds. After all, it isnt that women are desperate to get married the society and the situation society put women in only made it seem that way and by the time Henrik Ibsen wrote his play, those types of thoughts were beginning to waver. Torvald Helmer compared to Nils Krogstad and Dr. Rank Torvald Helmer is a man who believes in particular positions for men and women. He doesnt believe women should provide, as Kristina Linde is planning to do for Nils Krogstad. He is a traditional man with an outdated way of thinking living in a society, which is rapidly changing. Torvald Helmer is stuck in the times, which Austen described in her novel. He is, however, only joined by a few. In A Dolls House there are two other male characters whose way of thinking was definitely changing with that of society. Nils Krogstad and Dr. Rank both believe in equality of men and women. Ibsen created these two characters as a way of contrasting to Torvald. Both Krogstad and Rank have different views. Krogstad completely agrees with the idea of Ms. Linde working to provide for her family. â€Å"I ran a little shop, then a small school, and anything else I could turn my hand to.† (Ibsen, H. A Dolls House. Act one; page 157). Rank also would sit and have many discussions with Nora, treatin g her like an equal adult. Torvald never once had a serious conversation with her, which proves how little he thought of the supposed equality between them. In the beginning of the play, it seems to the audience that everybody thinks as Torvald does when Kristina states, â€Å"A wife cant borrow without her husbands consent† (Ibsen, H. A Dolls House. Act 1, page 160). From this statement, it seems as though the society Nora is living in is just like the society Elizabeth Bennet was living in. Nora also states, â€Å"I was lucky enough to get a lot of copying to do†¦it was tremendous fun sitting there working and earning money. It was almost like being a man.† (Ibsen, H. A Dolls House. Act 1, page 162). This line suggests that women were not to work as men did in that society. However, when Dr. Rank is introduced, these ideas change. When Rank enters the home intending to see Torvald, he does not go away when he hears he is busy. Rather, he sits with Nora and conve rses with her, like equal adults. â€Å"Bankrupt! In less than a month, perhaps, I shall lie rotting in the churchyard† (Ibsen, H. A Dolls House. Act 2, page 191). Rank discusses matters of seriousness with Nora, whilst Torvald does not. It is clear that Rank has a mind that is changing with the changing society. â€Å"Helmers too sensitive to be able to face anything ugly I wont have him in my sick room† (Ibsen, H. A Dolls House. Act 2, page 191). Rank explains that Torvald is very sensitive. It is understood that he does not even speak of serious things with people other than Nora. He is clearly the odd one in this novel because everybody else has the same frame of mind but he seems to be stuck in the days that were even changing in Pride and Prejudice. Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy compared to Mr. Charles Bingley Two other men that are contrasting characters are Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy and Mr. Charles Bingley of Pride and Prejudice. Both have distinct views on society and the ideas that society lives on. Both men are owners of a very large fortune Mr. Darcy slightly wealthier than Mr. Bingley. The two are the best of friends; however, their characters could not be more dissimilar. At the first ball at Meryton, each of their characters is decided by the surrounding society. â€Å"Mr. Bingley was good looking and gentlemanlike; he had a pleasant countenance, and easy, unaffected manners†¦he was lively and unreserved.† (Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Volume 1, chapter 3, page 12). Mr. Bingley is liked by everyone that was acquainted with him almost instantly. It was his lively disposition. â€Å"Mr. Darcy soon drew the attention of the room by his fine, tall person, handsome features, noble mein; and the report which was in general circulation within five minutes of his entrance, of his having ten thousand a year.† (Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Volume 1, chapter 3, page 12). He is looked at as handsome and even more handsome when theyve heard of his fortune. However, their views on Mr. Darcy soon change. â€Å"(He) danced only once, declined being introduced to any other lady, and spent the rest of the evening in walking about the room, speaking occasionally to one of his own party. He was the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world.† (Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Volume 1, chapter 3, page 12). The mens differences do not only go so deep as personalities. They are also different in what they want ultimately. Of course, as was the tradition at the time, they each want to marry; however, Mr. Bingley is not so fussy with who his future bride is to be. Mr. Bingley is much quicker to label a woman as ‘accomplished also, which adds to the differing views of him and his friend. â€Å"It is amazing to me how young ladies can have patienc e to be so very accomplished, as they all are,† quotes Mr. Bingley (Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Volume 1, chapter 8, page 35). Mr. Darcy, of course, scolds him for thinking such a thing. It is clear that Mr. Darcy has a much more different idea of what an accomplished woman is. After describing an accomplished woman, Mr. Bingley listens to Mr. Darcys words, â€Å"All this she must possess and to all this she must yet add something more substantial, in the improvement of her mind by extensive reading,† (Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Volume 1, chapter 8, page 35). To the reader, it is obvious that Mr. Darcy, intentionally or not, is describing Elizabeth Bennet as accomplished. It is even more evident what the two friends views on women are when they choose their wives. Mr. Bingley chooses Jane for her unmistakable beauty and kind nature and nothing more. His affection for her is not based on an intelligent mind or extensive reader. Mr. Darcy, on the other hand, favo urs Elizabeth. Although she is not as handsome as Jane, her mind is more developed. She takes pleasure in reading and having intellectual conversations. Mr. Darcy clearly wants this for a bride. By joining Mr. Darcy with Elizabeth and Mr. Bingley with Jane in matrimony in the end of the novel, it is clear what Austen wants the reader to learn: marry someone you are compatible with. Although Mr. Bingley marries Jane for her attractiveness, their marriage was compatible because each is kind natured and good spirited. The two are not intellectuals, like Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth. In fact, they are quite the opposite, yet their marriage still works. When comparing the two main men of this novel, it is possible to say that Mr. Darcy and Mr. Bingley are the male counterparts to Jane and Elizabeth Bennet, which is possibly why their marriages worked in the end. Writers Purpose As writers, both Austen and Ibsen had distinct purposes for writing what they did. When reading their works, it is clear to many that each wanted to encourage the public to begin to think differently to the society they lived in. Austen did agree with her society, essentially. She approved of marriage but wanted the reason for marriage to change in the mind of the public. Ibsen, however, promoted womens independence and ensured his audience went away with new ideas about the equality between the sexes. Jane Austen wrote Pride and Prejudice to allow woman the understanding that marrying for money, instead of compatibility, was never the correct path to walk on. Even though both Jane and Elizabeth did marry wealthy men, they did it for love rather than the money involved. They married for the important fact that they connected with their partners on a higher level than how highly they thought of the money they possessed. In the times when Austen published this novel, the thinking of Elizabeth and Jane were never believed to be possible. Austen took this to her advantage and publicized intellectual thinking and brought thoughts of compatibility into relationships. Other than Elizabeth and Jane Bennett in Pride and Prejudice, the characters mostly think about marrying for support and security more than anything else. Naturally, she disapproved of women marrying bad men. By creating a character like Elizabeth, the audience could understand that she most definitely found it quite inappro priate for a man and woman to marry without any love. However, Austen didnt completely disapprove of women marrying for money. She understood that there are certain circumstances, which cannot be avoided sometimes. In her novel, she wrote about Charlotte Lucas, who was a girl uncertain of her economic future. She married Mr. Collins for his apparent wealth and the belief that she would be financially secure with him as a husband. Although she understood her uncertain economic future, Austen used this comparison to her benefit. Charlotte and Mr. Collins marriage became one of comfort, not one of love and affection. Austen did not forget to remind the reader that their marriage was anything but successful because Charlotte married for money. She also disapproved of marriage based solely on attraction, as was Mr. and Mrs. Bennets relationship. â€Å"Her father captivated by youth and beauty, and that appearance of good humour, which youth and beauty generally give, had married a woman whose weak understanding and liberal mind, had very early in their marriage put an end to all real affection for her† (Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Volume 3, chapter 42, page 194). Their marriage was all that Austen was against. What she disapproved of, also, was the reality that women could not inherit fortunes. For example; in the case of Mr. Bennett who had four daughters and no sons, he would have to pass his fortune on to the next male in the family, who was Mr. Collins, who hadnt even been acquainted with the Bennet family. Austen did not understand why Mr. Bennetts daughter couldnt take over his fortune, when they obviously deserve it much more so than Mr. Collins. She showed her disapproval of this by using the voice of Mrs. Bennet. â€Å"I do think it is the hardest thing in the world, that your estate should be entailed away from your own children,† (Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Volume 1, chapter 15, page 54). In the end, what could be said about Austen s purpose to write such a deep and meaningful novel is that she meant great things for it. She wrote to teach women of the world that they should find their place in the world. Their minds should not constantly revolve around marriage and finding marriage. They should learn to be comfortable with their surroundings and themselves and only think of marriage when a man that is compatible with them comes along and steals their heart with what he does and says, and not with how much money he possesses. Henrik Ibsen wrote his play in a time when womens rights were starting to become noticed. Womens right to independence played a magnificent role in Ibsens A Dolls House. That is essentially what he was building towards, right from the commencement of the play. The entire purpose for his writing of this play was to broadcast the fact that women should begin thinking for themselves. He wanted women to believe they could make it on their own; that they did not need a man to help them along the way. Henrik Ibsen wrote this play not seventy years after Jane Austen wrote her novel. Immediately as the first few pages are read, it is quite obvious that Ibsen is looking in to the future. His construction of Nora is quite fantastic. As a reader, it is interesting to note that Nora Helmer is a completely inconceivable character for Jane Austen. Never would Austen even think that a woman could leave her husband in order to learn more about herself and the world. Nora is an excellent model of wha t many women thought about in the late 19th century. Marriage was beginning to lose its rose-coloured magic. The stories speaking of happy marriages were slowly beginning to melt away to reveal much less pretty images. Ibsen succeeded when attempting to write these thoughts down as a play. He succeeded in the fact that when the audience watched as Nora walked to the world, a new woman, they all cheered and agreed with all her reasoning. Because Noras action provoked this reaction, it is apparent that his mission was fulfilled. His mission to rid the minds of all people of the inequality between men and women was accomplished. By employing the use of Kristina Linde, who worked and provided for her family for many years, Ibsen showed that it was not a bad thing. Kristina learnt more about herself and the cruel world she lived in. Evidently, it might have worn her out and tired her however, she came out of it a better, more-rounded and more experienced woman who could take on anything and not back down. Unlike Nora, who was frustrated all her life because she was missing something she desperately wanted. She moved from her fathers home, where she was treated like a doll, to her husbands home, where she received the same treatment. She never worked a day in her life, and because of this, she never stopped dreaming of it. When she did work, behind her husbands back (for that was the only way she could), she commented that they were the three most enjoyable weeks of her life. Ibsen used Noras character to show that a woman who has been treated as though she is a fragile porcelain doll for all of her existence will not ever know how to truly think for herself. He used this character to show that having everything done for you and never knowing truly what the world around you is about is something one should never hope for. Even though Ms. Linde was awfully weary, Ibsen made his audience believe that this is the life, which should be sought after. In Pride and Prejudice, the society that Elizabeth Bennett lived in was not one which questioned a lot of things. Whatever is put in front of them, they believe it. They did not question things that seemed unusual to them. They did not question for fear their thoughts and beliefs would be confused and proved wrong. Desire for society did not exist in Austens Pride and Prejudice, unlike in A Dolls House. Nora wanted to learn more about the society and world she lived in. Elizabeth Bennett and the people she knew really only cared for the people they were already acquainted with. They would not go out of their way to learn more about what is happening in other parts of the world, or even the country. In A Dolls House Ibsen made it clear that Nora wanted to see as much of the world as she possibly could. In Pride and Prejudice, Austen only wrote about marriage and the never-ending quest to find the right person to marry. Whilst Austen showed that marriage was what all women wanted ultim ately, Ibsen showed that marriage life could be restricted. Ibsen also showed that traditional husbands implement several restrictions on their wives, which eventually denies the women the ability to grow, emotionally and physically. Ibsen attempted to tell the audience that if a man did everything for his wife and protected her from everything, there is no possible way she could grow into a more developed, more experienced, more agreeable person. Conclusion Two novels: different in purpose but equally great. Jane Austen lived in a different society to Henrik Ibsen. She agreed with the most part of her society, except that women shouldnt marry for financial security they should marry those that are like them. Her novel ended in two compatible marriages. Marriage was still the ultimate destination for women as well as men but it wasnt the kind of marriage that her society looked at. Women then were expected to marry for security and a fine house. Austen wanted to change these ideas and ensure that women believed that the fortune of a man is not what should be looked at when looking for a potential husband. Ibsen did not agree with his society. In fact, he wrote his play in order to change the society he lived in. His play went against everything the society believed in. Women were not allowed to leave their husbands whenever they wanted to. That is why he wrote the play he wanted womens positions to change and they did. When Nora wal ks to the world, she received cheers from the crowd. Independence, from then on, was desired and thats what Ibsen wanted. Both of the novels are fantastically written and the message is printed loud and clear. As the years go on, it is evident that each of these literary works has made an enormous impact on society. Ibsen helped womens fight for independence move more rapidly, whilst Austen made women all over the world seek a man that was like them, not just had a fortune that could buy them a home big enough for one hundred. Bibliography Books 1. Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. England: Penguin, 1996. 2. Ibsen, Henrik. A Dolls House. England: Penguin, 1965 3. Spence, Jon. Becoming Jane Austen. 2nd ed. London: Continuum, 2007. Websites 1. Cummings, Michael. J. A Dolls House by Henrik Johan Ibsen: A Study Guide. Retrieved: 18/07/09. 2. Haker, Ann. Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. Retrieved: 18/07/09. 3. Pride and Prejudice: Jane Austen. Retrieved: 13/07/09. 4. Pride and Prejudice. Retrieved: 13/07/09. 5. Pride and Prejudice. Retrieved: 05/02/10. 6. Yurgaitis, Daniel. A Dolls House. February 16, 2004. Retrieved: 18/07/09.

The Effects of Gender Bias on Elementary School Children Essay

The Effects of Gender Bias on Elementary School Children â€Å"It’s a girl!† or â€Å"It’s a boy!† is typically the first thing parents hear after the birth of a child. This simple statement of fact sets the groundwork for every interaction they will have with their daughter or son, and for every experience that child will have throughout her or his life. Gender identity—the private experience of being female or male—forms a core part of one’s sense of self (Welker). The nature of this private experience is enormously influenced by what we are taught it means to be a girl or a boy, and these lessons are typically fraught with instances of gender bias—what Beverly Stitt, author of Building Gender Fairness in Schools, defines as â€Å"a set of beliefs or attitudes that indicates a primary view or set of expectations about peoples’ abilities and interests according to their sex† (Stitt 3). We are educated in this way first by our family members and then, beginning at a very tender age, by the mass media. By the time children enter kindergarten, they have assimilated the transmitted sex stereotypes and accept gender discrimination as the norm. The school often encourages this accommodation by exposing the child for thirteen years to a â€Å"hidden curriculum† of gender inequality, imparted by instructors who do little to alleviate its effects. The result is that generation after generation of women are prohibited from reaching their full potential as individuals and as members of society. In this nation, education was once regarded as the great equalizer that made the circumstances of one’s birth irrelevant to one’s ability to prosper. Beginning in the primary school, we must teach and practice sexual equality. As Andrew Windass,... ...eing Harmed by Sesame Street?† Anderson 50-53. DeCrow, K. â€Å"Look, Jane, Look! See Dick Run and Jump! Admire Him!† Anderson 44-49. Dixon, Kathleen. Personal interview. 1 March 1991. The Pinks and the Blues, a videotape shown in HDE 30 on November 8, 1988. Rose, J. â€Å"A Parent’s Voice.† Skelton 11-21. Short, G. & Carrington, B. â€Å"Discourse on Gender: The Perceptions of Children Aged Between Six and Eleven.† Skelton 22-37. Skelton, C., ed. Whatever Happens to Little Women? Gender and Primary Schooling. Philadelphia: Open University Press, 1989. Stitt, B. Building Gender Fairness in Schools. Edwardsville, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1988. Stockman, K. Lecture. 8 Nov. 1988. Trexler, T. Personal interview. 4 March 1991. Welker, J. Lecture. 30 Nov. 1989. Windass, A. â€Å"Classroom Practices and Organization.† Skelton 38-50.

How to Make Sandblasted Signs :: essays papers

How to Make Sandblasted Signs Process & Analysis How To Make Sandblasted Signs. The only necessary tools you need are: basswood, or red wood, rubber masking, spray glue, exacto knife, sand paper, paint (which most of these items you can find at your local hardware store). Also you need to know someone in your community who has a sandblasting machine to sandblast your sign. You will also need a design for your board. (It can be your name, or a symbol of what ever you want it to be.) First thing you need to do is to get some bass or red wood. Cut the boards to the exact size you want by using a band saw or hand saw. Also, use the following methods such as gluing, planing, and squaring the boards to the exact length you want your sign to be. Once you have squared your board with the square, your sign will be even on each side. The next step will be to apply the rubber masking to your board. Now you are ready to put your design on the rubber masking. Apply the spray glue to the rubber masking. Once you have sprayed the glue (in a well ventilated area) to the masking you should wait for about 2 minutes for the adhesive to dry, and begin to cut out your design you have chosen. This is a very time consuming task so it is best to take your time. This is the time to start cutting on your masking. It is best to leave about one half of an inch around the outside edge of the board. Use your exacto knife to cut the masking. Make sure to center your design and that it is suitably sized to your board. It is important not to make the cuts too small or the sand will tear the rubber masking off. You need to find someone in the community that does sandblasting. This could be at a monument engraving service near by. They use a special sand that is very fine to cut the wood. Sandblasters also use an air compressor to shoot the air and sand out at a high rate of speed. This process will cost between $2-$5 and the time to complete is approximately two days. Once you get the sign back from the sandblasting service, you are ready to

Venezuela

There have been many current events that have violated human rights, one of them is that Venezuela is suffering from lack of food and medicine they are given and their leader isn't doing anything about this but other leaders are trying to help out Venezuela , there are many things that are being done in order to Prevent future events like this, because this can't start happening around the world, Colombia, Cuba, and Argentina are already starting to have problems like this and this could get out of control. Venezuela use to be one the the wealthiest countries until the 19th century, that's when they started to have economic and political crisis. Venezuela's president, Nicolas Maduro is denying the fact that Venezuela people are staring and not having access to good health care. Many people are starving and others are in the hospital, and not having enough medicine for everyone because the hospitals are getting filled with injured people. Since the hospital doesn't have enough supplies for everyone they ask patients to bring their own medicine and which most patients can't afford. According to † Venezuela's health care crisis † the video states that even when their own patients bring in their own medicine, they are stolen inside the hospital.This Hospital use to have staff 24/7 working on surgerys and helping other patients while now there are people that have been waiting to have surgery for days. The Violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is Article 7 which is â€Å"You have the right to be treated by the law in the same way as everyone else.Everyone has the right protection against violation of their human rights† and Article 8 â€Å"If your rights under law are violated , you have the right to see justice done in court or tribunal.† This is saying that every person in Venezuela should be treated the same and have the same health care. People in venezuela are dying and starving because of the lack of food and medicine and health care they are given. According to CNN, this crisis that is happening in Venezuela had started around 2015 where people were having less than one meal a day. It's sad to see that newborns are being put in cardboard boxes after their mother give birth. According to FP people have been use to having one meal a day while others are hunting for dogs pigeons and cats. People In Latin America would feel rich with just one dollar or maybe some clean water while people here in America are wasting food and aren't grateful for one dollar. This rich Country is suffering because of one person which is their leader Nicolas Maduro. We can start helping Venezuela by just donating one dollar, because that would mean a lot to them. Donald Trump is also helping out with this situation.According to U.S.NEWS president Donald Trump he states that he promises â€Å"strong and swift economic actions† to counter Maduro's antidemocratic measures.† What Donald Trump is doing is he is restricting the revenue that Nicolas Maduro planned and benefit from oils form the United States. In Conclusion, Venezuela is struggling in food and health care because of their bad Leader Nicolas Maduro. People are dying faster and families are starving because they don't have food. This is a huge crisis, this was one of the wealthiest countries but now is the one leaving in poverty, people are eating pets and birds which is not usual. President Donald Trump and other leaders in Latin America for example Mexico they are trying their best to help out venezuela because everyone is supposed to be treated the same way, and in a way people in America can be helping out by donating one dollar which to them means a lot .

Elio Engineering. Inc Essay

Question 1: Describe Elio Engineering? How would you characterize its position in the Industry? Elio Engineering is a private company, founded by Paul Elio and Hari Sankara, categorized under engineering services and manufactured automotive vehicle bodies car seats. It designs the new technology of the seats for the automobile industries called No Compromise seats. Question 2: What is Elio Engineering Vision? Elio Engineering’s vision per the case study is to design and manufacture new advanced, low-cost, high-tech and safe ABTS called No Compromise seats for the entire automotive industry and potentially saving millions of lives around the world. Question 3: Describe the strategic options as of February 1999? What issues should the company consider in evaluating its strategic options? Elio Engineering had achieved a great distinction by February 1999 because their prototype test had been proven very promising and OEM customer’s response had also been favorable. Based on the prototype performance, Bostrom made a licensing deal with Elio Engineering in mid-February. At this point, Elio Engineering had to consider if Bostrom was the right partner for their vision. Also how much royalty fees should they charge for their services? Question 4: What is the structure of the automotive seat industry in 1998? How attractive was the industry? The Structure of the automotive seat industry in 1998 looked like the following: Two Tier-one companies – JCI and Lear Corp with almost equally split about 60% of the market and dominant share worldwide. The number-three player, Magna, has about a 10% share in the U.S. Many of the competitors already had an ABTS seat in their product portfolio or were currently working on the technology. So it was already a  mature industry with stagnant technology. The industry was not attractive because competition would be fierce with the 70% of the market controlled by three companies. Only way Company could stand a chance is if new company had new technology and cost reducing product. Question 5: What are the potential sources of competitive advantage that Elio Engineering has? How Sustainable ae they? Why/ Why not? Elio Engineering has many competitive advantages. First of all, Elio Engineering has their ideas well patented. Along with it, they have insider knowledge of the seating industry. Secondly, they have the product that can penetrate whole automotive market and not just one supplier tied to the one automotive company. Finally, Elio Engineering is highly motivated and has ability to find to find new resources to expand. As far as sustainability goes, Elio Engineering will certainly fail if they enter the market alone because they don’t have enough resources to compete with other competitors own their own at the moment. As they lack the capital requirement, lack of competence in manufacturing, distribution, lack of access to OEMs and able to implement of JIT delivery. They can be at risk of takeover by the bigger company or the competitor. Question 6: What are Elio Engineering’s strategic options in entering the automotive market? Please evaluate these options and reach a conclusion on the most attractive one. The Challenge for the Elio Engineering is to enter all segments of the automotive seat market within next 12 months, protecting its intellectual property which is implemented in the special class of ABTS technology seat design achieving at least 5% of the U.S automotive market within next 5 years. But it is very hard for Elio Engineering to achieve by its own due to lack of resources. They can also consider the following alternatives Alternative 1: Elio Engineering could collaborate with tier-one seat supplier Company. This will provide the following advantages: Founder members have previous experience dealing with tier-one seat Company. The tier-one suppliers have High volume manufacturing and distribution Experience in product design & development and manufacturing power, Easier to get us federal safety standards Strong relationship with OEMs Disadvantages are: Have less control over the core ABTS technology with lower profit margin. Alternative 2: Elio Engineering could collaborate with multiple OEMs. Advantages for doing it will be: High market share Sufficient resources, matured strategies Secured market, less financial stress. Disadvantages: Less control over ABTS technology and limited market exposure and lower margins. Alternative 3: Elio Engineering can establish as a tier-two supplier. Advantages: Supply product to all tier supplier and more control over ABTS technology. Disadvantages: Product delay due to large capital requirement, lack of competence in manufacturing, distribution, lack of access to OEMs and able to implement of JIT delivery. Low product value added. After considering all the above presented alternatives, I think Alternative 1 would the best suit for Elio Engineering. Also Elio Engineering started up by partnering up with Bostrom Seating, which supplied seats for heavy trucks and bus industry in 1999. Question 7: How well is Elio Engineering’s Tech strategy aligned with the requirements for a successful entry into the automotive seat market? What if anything, should they change? According to the article, Elio Engineering has taken all the right steps to ensure they are aligned with the requirements for the successful entry into the automotive seat market so far. They have obtained and registered a strong patent which would prevent other companies from copying their designs. They have the product that meets all the safety standards, low-cost and is durable. In order to successfully enter the automotive seat market, they need to have a system integration approach to ensure automotive market for their designs. Moreover, they need to partner up with the company with strong market influence otherwise they would most likely fail on their own.

Feasibility Marketing Plan – Lumber Business

MARKETING PLAN OF MADERA SAN JOSE Marketing Tools Madera San Jose, from the name itself, will offer wood products specifically hardwoods or lumber that would be further used for production of different products such as wood furniture, residential or commercial structures, and etc. Madera is the Spanish word for â€Å"wood†. Madera San Jose’s hardwood products will be expounded on in the next part of the study – the marketing plan of the proposed business. This part of the feasibility study determines the different types marketing programs prevalent in the lumber industry that can help the Madera.Given that the proposed business is a medium-scale lumber business in the province of Pampanga, the province of Muebles San Jose and also the proposed province for the location of Madera San Jose, the group gathered few and simple but still effective marketing programs that are implemented by owners there to make their business known. They can also be considered as more of marketing tools. Firstly, the bu sinesses give free merchandise such as calendars, face towels and shirts. These materials bear the logo or name of the business as well as its location.Mostly the merchandise is given to both potential and loyal patrons for them to maintain and spread awareness of the business. This practice has been done not just in Pampanga but in other places, too, and not just by lumber business owners but by other business owners, too. Except for the calendars, that are given just once a year, other merchandises are given depending on the owners disposal or whenever the owners want to, and how frequently they want to. It is proven effective because most businesses that have done it are the long-running ones compared to others that have not.The costs associated with these merchandises are as follows: Merchandise| Price & Quantity| Calendars| Php 10. 00 per 1 pc. for 30 pcs. (in a bulk)| Face towel| Php 15. 00 per 1 pc. for pcs. (in a bulk)| Shirts| Php 80. 00 per 1 pc. for 100 pcs. (in a bulk)| Secondly, businesses in Pampanga sponsor basketball teams in town leagues. Lumber businesses there have done it, too. In exchange, their logos are seen on the basketball players’ jerseys. Basketball leagues are held more than once annually, sometimes at very frequent intervals. In these events, usually many people come to watch.Aside from basketball jerseys, there are also banners portraying the businesses’ logos and locations. These are seen by owners as opportunities for the business to be recognized so they sponsor. Lumber businesses in Pampanga have done so, too. In Pampanga, the total cost for sponsoring a team is Php 10,000. 00. Following is the breakdown of said amount that will be paid in case Madera sponsors a basketball team. Expenses| Price| Basketball jerseys| Php7,200. 00 (Php 600. 00 x 12 jersey sets)| Banners or Posters| Php 2,000. 00 | Miscellaneous| Php 800. 00|The third and the last marketing tool used by most business owners in the area as well as gi ving one peso discounts. This practice has long been used by business owners – from large department stores to local lumber business owners. The practice gives customers the mentality that they get to save more while at the same time, not affecting much the costs of incurred by the business for that certain item – considering that there were mark-ups added. Marketing Mix (4 Ps) The marketing plan mainly elaborates on the 4 Ps of a business: the Product, Place, Price, and Promotion.These 4 Ps are also considered the â€Å"marketing mix† of the business that determine what the business has to offer and what are the channels for this offer to reach the consumers. In this part of the study, the said principles are expounded on in the context of Madera San Jose. Product Usually, the first principle of the 4 Ps tackled in marketing plans is the Product. Madera San Jose will offer lumber – to be specific, hardwood products. In the simplest sense, lumber is †Å"wood in any stage from the time it is cut from a tree through its use in construction or paper,† (What is Lumber Homepage, 2013).Lumber is cut from a tree through a process called felling. After it is cut and shipped, it is supplied either â€Å"rough† or â€Å"finished†. Finished lumber is primarily used in the construction industry. Most finished lumber is cut from softwood trees such as pine, fir, or cedar. Some rough lumber includes hardwoods for use in high-grade wood floors (What is Lumber Homepage, 2013). Rough lumber is raw and uncut to standardized measurements. It is used for furniture or specialty manufacturing where custom cutting and shaping is required.Given that Muebles San Jose concentrates on furniture making – custom-made or otherwise – Madera San Jose will mainly sell rough lumber in the form of hardwoods. The hardwood lumber products to be offered by Madera are: Lauan, Yakal, Teak, Gmelina, Malabuaya, Narra, Mahogany, Apitong, and Antipolo. Like the competitors, Top Lumber and Angeles LCM Construction Supply, Madera San Jose will get most of its woods from the suppliers in Tarlac. Below are the illustrations of the different hardwood products to be sold by Madera San Jose. Lauan YakalTeak Gmelina MalabuayaNarraMahoganyApitongAntipolo These lumber products, as mentioned, are to be processed further for production of more products such as trimmings for structures and more especially, furniture. Place The second P stands for Place. Madera San Jose’s wood warehouse and store itself is to be established in Angeles City, Pampanga. Pampanga is the home of Muebles San Jose. However, be that as it is, Muebles is in Mabalacat, not Angeles City. Angeles City was chosen due to its close proximity to Mabalacat – Mabalacat borders Angeles City in the latter’s northern part.Secondly, it is considered as a first-class highly urbanized city in the country, with its numerous residential areas as well a s commercial ones such as restaturants, malls, universities and even tourist spots such as ancestral mansions and houses. These structures require a lot of wood – both for the building itself as well as the furniture. Since the site is a highly industrial part of Pampanga, it is accessible to its suppliers from both Tarlac and Manila; MARSSE Timber Suppliers, Tarlac and Mango and Timber Plantation, Manila – the latter’s office is located in Taguig.Each supplier supplies 3,000 board feet of wood monthly. The exact location of Madera San Jose in Angeles City will be in Brgy. Pandan. The proposed business will actually be located at Pandan Road, Brgy. Pandan, Angeles City, Pampanga. There are about nine puroks situated in Barangay Pandan. These are: Old Pandan, Land Tenure, San Ignacio Subdivision, Springside Subdivision, Citicenter A, Citicenter B, Magalang Avenue Extension, Jaovil Compound, and Saint Ignatius Subdivision.There are also several establishments â₠¬â€œ furniture shops, schools (public and private), barangay hall (of Pandan and of other nearby barangays) – that are relevant to the business. The exact location where the proposed business will be launched is noticeably located on a main road and is situated in a commercial-residential area. This is intended such that the business will be highly accessible to the chance buyers and to the greater market, specifically businesses within the vicinity and residents living in the area, who may have probably become the clients of Madera San Jose.The lot measures 300sq. m. and the lumber business is expected to occupy 280sq. m. Originally, the location was a bare land. It was acquired it years before by Mr. Manabat for the purpose of expanding his first business. Price The price for the lumber of Madera San Jose was also gathered from the standard prices of woods per board foot in Pampanga. Following are the prices: Hardwood| Price Per Board Foot| Lauan| Php30. 00| Yakal| Php40. 0 0| Teak| Php60. 00| Gmelina| Php26. 00| Malabuaya| Php30. 00| Narra| Php85. 00|Mahogany| Php30. 00| Apitong| Php30. 00| Antipolo| Php35. 00| One will notice that these prices are also the same as those of the competitors’. This is because of the fact that the owners want to use competition-based pricing. Competition-based pricing is the strategy used when a firm uses the competitor’s prices as benchmarks. In Madera’s case, since there are only two (2) competitors nearby that also offer hardwood lumber; Top Lumber and Angeles LCM Construction Supply, and both have the same prices, Madera used their prices.Same prices are used to get more people from the competitors’ pool of patrons, and no decreases are made either, so that Madera an establish stability since the business is new and so that there will be allowance for possible future discounts. Also, other lumber dealers sell at the same prices and the customers are used to the standard. Since Madera San J ose will be a new addition, the business will also use the same prices to establish its place in the market. Promotion Promotional tools used by lumber businesses in Pampanga have been mentioned already in the first part of this portion of the study.Going back, the three tools are: 1) giving of printed merchandise, 2) sponsorship of basketball leagues, and 3) one-peso discounts. `The group recommends Madera San Jose to use the first and second tools – printed merchandise and basketball league sponsorships. Giving printed merchandise such as calendars, face towel, and shirts is not something new in the small to medium industries but they are helpful in spreading knowledge of the business. For instance, buildings – whether private of public, large or small – that display the calendars will help in making the new business known.It is also an ideal way because calendars are displayed and looked at all year round. As for shirts and towels, people who wear or use them are mostly people from the manual labor sector. These people tend to move and work a lot in the local community. Without spreading information on the business verbally, these people â€Å"display† the business just by moving around. It will help that the printed information not just contains the business logo and name but the business address as well. The second tool is the team sponsorship in basketball leagues.As mentioned, basketball leagues are hugely-crowded events. Some people from other towns even visit to watch. In the basketball leagues, aside from banners that can be displayed around the court, Madera can gain exposure through basketball jerseys with the business logo printed on them. Aside from having huge crowds to whom Madera can be exposed to, basketball leagues are held more than once a year – even more frequently if the area has many playing teams. Madera will have more exposure time. One might wonder why the third tool was not applied.This tool is the one-peso discount strategy. It would be good for the business. However, it is also deemed ideal if this strategy will not be applied in at present – when the business is still new in the industry. Customers should be accustomed first with the actual prices before being given the discounts. Marketing Plan Conclusion In sum, unlike other industries, the lumber businesses in Pampanga do not highly focus on marketing. If one will notice in this study, this marketing part does not comprise much information compared to other aspects such as the operational plan and financials.This is so because first and foremost, the lumber industry in Pampanga mainly relies on word-of-mouth as the major marketing agenda. Owners, aside from giving free merchandise and some basketball leagues do not use famous media such as the television, radios and magazines. Some even do not have a marketing strategy at all, or if they do, they do not practice it for the long run. They just rely on word-of-mout h. In short, the most reliable and fool-proof way of gaining more customers for Madera San Jose is based on its products and how these will make the customers satisfied enough to spread information about them.